日本《大店法》的形成与废止

日本制定<大店法>的初衷是为了调整大规模零售店铺的零售业务活动,协调超市、百货店及中小零售商业者的业务范围,而不是抵挡限制外资流通企业的进入.本文认为,<大店法>在日本是一部自相矛盾,违背自由竞争原则,阻碍流通现代化,抑制日本零售业国际竞争力的法律,其预期目标与实际效果大相径庭,其教训和经验值得我们深思.文章指出,在零售业发展阶段,政府用调整的手段往往是事与愿违.     

An evaluation of ecotourism in Amazonas, Brazil

Registered “ecotour” lodges were studied using observation and interviews with visitors, employees, and local people. Findings were evaluated using proposed ecotourism principles. Besides providing employment, lodges improve access, stimulate new services (health utilities, etc.), and make valued but limited local purchases. In other ways, lodges fall short of the ideals inherent in the principles. They contribute little to conservation education, resource protection, or the involvement and empowerment of local people. Tourists wish to see and would support conservation and community development programs both financially and via their future selection of ecotour operators. Numerous implications for concessions, protected area management, and rural development in Amazonas are discussed.     

从缺失到凸显:社区参与旅游发展研究脉络

国内外的研究者目前都逐渐把社区及其居民作为旅游发展的主体,社区参与也因之成为旅游可持续发展的关键要素.本文在对社区参与研究脉络和走向进行分析的基础上,揭示出社区参与理论共识的达成经历了"从缺失到凸显"的过程.在对社区参与的关注方面,中国和西方的研究具有各不相同的历程.     

Involvement and opinion leadership in tourism

Nature-based tourism, science tourism, and ecotourism are some of the emerging and growing trends in special-interest tourism. This study utilized a southeastern sample of the United States who had an interest in travel and the environment. A modified Dillman total design method survey was used to collect the data. The study demonstrated that widely used concepts of marketing are applicable for nature-based tourism. Results indicate that highly involved nature-oriented travelers tend to be more receptive to information concerning the travel product or destination and spread that information willingly. Findings of this study suggest that opinion leaders take more trips and use slightly more information sources.     

从“五普”资料看经济技术开发区劳动参与特点

以大连经济技术开发区为例,分析了我国经济技术开发区的劳动参与特点,认为目前开发区劳动参与率较高,而从业人员文化素质较低,从业人员的产业和行业分布不均,失业人员状况也不尽如人意。     

员工参与对于预算管理绩效影响的路径分析

本文以路径分析方法为基础,对我国上市公司内员工参与和管理绩效之间的关系进行了实证研究。研究结果发现,员工对于预算目标的接受度会对员工参与和管理绩效之间的关系产生影响,其影响程度会受到预算目标困难度的调节,预算目标困难度高时,员工参与可经由强化预算目标接受而间接提升预算管理绩效;困难度低时,则无此效果。     

国际投资协定透明度要求变化及其启示 ——以美国实践为考察对象

以美国BIT为代表的国际投资协定在透明度条款以及其他条款涉及透明度的规定中通过加强公众参与程度显著提升了透明度要求。这一变化是投资仲裁实践、国内贸易立法以及市民社会诉求合力作用的结果。透明度要求的提高一方面凸显了专业性社会组织对国际投资立法与实践的影响,另一方面则反映了美国借此维护本国利益的实质。对此,中国在对外投资协定的签署与实践中需要审慎对待透明度要求,同时加强本国专业性社会组织的培育和发展。     

民间资本投资黑龙江省银行业的有效模式及对策研究

近十年来,民间资本在黑龙江省各领域的利用情况日趋增多,发展潜力大。金融市场的投资环境改善,使得黑龙江省对民间资本的需求日益扩大。黑龙江省银行业可通过参股、合资、独资新设和兼并收购四种可行性模式吸收民间资本,黑龙江银行业应健全相关法律法规,加大财政扶持倾斜力度,使民间资本合法有序、稳健顺畅地进入银行业;建立风险防控和组织管理机制、完善信用评估体系,使民间资本安全可控、益于公众;创新银行业务服务,优化金融文化环境,为民间资本开辟新天地,并使其获得长效发展,从而强化黑龙江省银行业融资结构,促进全省经济增长。     

Nuclear licensing in the United States: enhancing public confidence in the regulatory process

A nuclear regulator’s paramount purpose is to utilize its expertise to ensure protection of public safety. But, recent actions by countries, such as Germany, to phase out nuclear power illustrate that public perception of nuclear safety can change swiftly despite a country’s long history of safely operating nuclear power plants. Public trust, acceptance, and involvement in nuclear regulatory decisions, therefore, are critical to a successful nuclear power program. In the United States, the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (‘NRC’) has a long-standing practice of conducting its regulatory responsibilities in an open and transparent manner. The NRC, as a regular part of its decision-making process, also reaches out to affected and interested parties and invites their involvement in its regulatory processes. The NRC’s efforts to instill public confidence are an explicit recognition that nuclear safety and security are the public’s business. While the NRC must balance the public’s rights to participate in the licensing process with the applicant’s right to an efficient and timely licensing decision on an application, ultimately the NRC’s decision-making process is more effective and more broadly accepted by the public when it includes participation of a diverse range of interested and affected parties.     

品牌共建视角下参与品牌社群的影响因素研究

品牌共建过程中产生的合作体验代替传统的顾客让渡价值成为当前市场环境下构建品牌社群吸引力的关键。文章在继承让渡价值理论研究成果的基础上,以品牌共建的过程为线索,构建利益相关者参与品牌社群的双路径模型,并分别对让渡价值激励路径与合作体验驱动路径进行分析,从而提出了结合让渡价值与合作体验的品牌社群参与模式,之后采用EFA与CFA对模型进行了验证,发现物质让渡价值、精神让渡价值、社群关系、社会资本及活动乐趣五个影响品牌社群参与的核心因素。最后,依据这五种因素提出用于指导企业实践活动的建议。